Ginseng: The Ancient Herb with Modern Health Benefits
Explore the ancient herb, Ginseng, revered for centuries for its health-boosting properties. Discover how this antioxidant-rich herb can enhance brain health, immune function, and blood sugar control. Uncover the differences between American and Asian Ginseng and their unique benefits. Dive into the history of Ginseng and its modern applications for overall wellness.
1) Introduction
Ginseng is a medicinal plant in the Araliaceae
family that belongs to the genus Panax. The term "ginseng" comes from
the Chinese phrases "jen sheng" or "ren sheng," which mean
"root of heaven." This name recalls the plant's root, which has been
utilized as a medicine for ages. Ginseng plants are perennial herbs with strong
taproots that die back in the fall and reappear in the spring from the root
system. The palmately compound leaves have 3-5 leaflets, and the inflorescence
is a solitary umbel with both bisexual and male flowers. The fruit is a drupe,
and it takes 5-7 years for cultivated ginseng plants to grow from seed.
a) Definition
and Description of Ginseng
Ginseng is widely used to treat a variety of
ailments, including cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, as well as to
promote immunological function, central nervous system (CNS) function, stress
relief, and antioxidant activity. Ginsenosides, a series of saponins with a
dammarane triterpenoid structure, are the main bioactive components of ginseng.
Almost 50 ginsenosides have been isolated from ginseng root, and new structures
are still being discovered.
b) Historical
Background and Traditional Use of Ginseng
Ginseng, a herb recognized for its numerous
medical benefits, was found in the mountains of Manchuria, China, approximately
5000 years ago. It was extremely valued in ancient China, Korea, Japan, and
America, and was only used by Chinese Emperors willing to pay a premium price
for it. The herb was thought to be a panacea, a cure-all for all maladies,
which is reflected in its Latin name, which is derived from the Greek term
'panacea,' which means "for everything."
"Shen Nong's Pharmacopoeia", written
in China in 196 AD, was one of the oldest documented works detailing the use of
ginseng as a therapeutic herb. In 1596 AD, Li Shizhen's "Compendium of
Herbal Materia Medica" noted that Ginseng is a "superior tonic"
for patients with chronic ailments and those who were convalescing.
Ginseng cultivation originated in Korea in the
late 14th or early 15th centuries, with professional ginseng producers emerging
in the 17th and 18th centuries. Until the 18th century, trade between China and
Japan was one of the most important marketplaces. Ginseng farming in Korea
began with the transplantation of wild ginseng around 11 B.C. Ginseng farming
began in 1122 AD with the transplanting of ginseng produced from seeds.
Arabian merchants and Arab navigators such as
Ibn Cordoba, who is credited with bringing ginseng back from China in the
middle of the 9th century AD, introduced ginseng to Europe in the early Middle
Ages. At the end of the 13th century AD, Marco Polo (1254-1324) wrote about
ginseng as a magical herb and an essential nourishment for nomads and Tartars.
Ginseng has been used as a tonic for
invigoration and fortification in traditional medicine to address exhaustion,
debility, and deteriorating sexual capacity. It has also been recommended for
usage during convalescence and to improve concentration. The World Health
Organization reaffirmed these applications in 1999. Ginseng has a variety of
therapeutic benefits, including nourishing, anti-fatigue, and immune-boosting
capabilities, as noted in ancient accounts of the Shennong Bencao Jing.
Ginseng's pharmacological activities were first
detailed in the Shennong Bencao Jing. Ginseng has calming characteristics, is
used for palpitations to restore a regular pulse, dispels pathogenic causes,
improves visual acuity and cerebral activity, and increases longevity with
long-term consumption.
c) Different
Types of Ginseng (Asian, American, Siberian)
Asian ginseng, commonly known as Korean
ginseng, is a root found in China, Korea, and far-eastern Siberia. It has been
utilized for thousands of years in traditional Chinese medicine for a variety
of health-related purposes. The root is the most commonly used plant portion
for medicinal purposes.
Asian ginseng is recognized for its warming,
heat-producing, or stimulating action, making it ideal for the elderly and
short-term (up to 3 months) use. It has been shown to boost physical endurance,
weariness, and the ability to cope with stress. It is also recommended as a
general tonic for improving well-being and enhancing tolerance to environmental
stress.
Ginsenosides, the active elements of Asian
ginseng, are thought to be responsible for its health benefits. These effects
include increased physical endurance, attention, and memory; increased
immunological function; slowed aging; and relief from a variety of other health
issues, including respiratory and cardiovascular illnesses, melancholy,
anxiety, and menopausal hot flashes. For premature ejaculation, the topical use
of Asian ginseng as part of a multi-ingredient treatment is promoted.
Asian ginseng may assist enhance glucose
metabolism and reduce blood sugar levels, according to research. However, the
quality of Asian ginseng research varies, and more high-quality study is
required to substantiate these effects.
In prescribed doses, Asian ginseng is typically
safe for short-term oral usage (up to 6 months). It can, however, cause
insomnia, menstruation issues, breast soreness, elevated heart rate, high or
low blood pressure, headache, loss of appetite, and digestive disorders. It may
potentially interact with other drugs, including calcium channel blockers and
other blood pressure medications, as well as statins and some antidepressants.
As a result, it is advised to check a healthcare provider before consuming Asian
ginseng, particularly if you have a medical condition or are taking medication.
Asian ginseng comes in a variety of forms,
including raw root, extract, and supplements. Because the quality of ginseng
products might vary, it's critical to examine the contents and buy from
trustworthy suppliers. It's also a good idea to consult with a doctor before
starting to use ginseng or any other herbal items or nutritional supplements.
Panax quinquefolius, also known as American
ginseng, is a species of ginseng native to eastern North America. Because of
its ginsenoside concentration, which is the main active ingredient of American
ginseng, it is regarded a real ginseng. Ginsenosides are a type of natural
product steroid glycosides and triterpene saponins that are only found in the
ginseng plant.
In terms of total ginsenosides, the ratio of
protopanaxadiol (PPD) to protopanaxatriol (PPT), and other marker ginsenosides,
American ginseng differs from Asian ginseng. When compared to Asian ginseng,
American ginseng has a larger ratio of PPD to PPT and a higher concentration of
the ginsenosides Rb1, Re, and Rd.
American ginseng is thought to be cooler in
nature and less stimulating than Asian ginseng, making it appropriate for
youthful and middle-aged adults as well as long-term use. It has been linked to
a variety of pharmacological effects, including those on the central nervous
system, cardiovascular system, endocrine system, immunological system, and
cancer.
One of the most important health benefits of
American ginseng is its capacity to strengthen the immune system. Some research
suggests that ginseng may boost the immune system, with one form of American
ginseng extract demonstrated to reduce the quantity and severity of colds in
adults.
Another important advantage of American ginseng
is its ability to control blood sugar levels. Several studies have found that
ginseng can help lower blood sugar levels, making it potentially advantageous
for diabetics.
Despite these advantages, it is crucial to
remember that ginseng has certain negative effects, which might include
nervousness, insomnia, headaches, dizziness, stomach disturbance, and menstrual
problems in women who use it consistently. Long-term or high-dose ginseng
consumption may result in these symptoms.
American ginseng is available in a variety of
dietary supplement forms, including tea, dried herbs, powder, and capsules.
Although there are no natural ginseng dietary sources, it is occasionally added
to energy drinks and cuisines.
American ginseng has been actively cultivated
in artificial-shade gardens and plantations, allowing for quick growth (in 3-5
years) at large densities by optimizing cultural conditions. However, due to
the great appreciation for the look and quality of these roots, demand for wild
ginseng root remains robust, particularly in the Asian market.
To summarize, American ginseng is a beneficial
herb with a distinct ginsenoside composition and a variety of health benefits,
including immune system support and blood sugar regulation. However, due to
potential adverse effects and to maintain sustainable production and harvesting
procedures, it is critical to utilize it carefully.
Eleutherococcus senticosus, often known as
eleuthero, is a plant endemic to Eastern countries such as China and Russia.
Despite its name, it is not a true ginseng and lacks the active components
found in American (Panax quinquefolius) and Asian (Panax ginseng). Siberian
ginseng, on the other hand, is high in eleutherosides, which are known to
provide health advantages.
Eleutherosides, the key components in Siberian
ginseng, may activate the immune system. It has traditionally been used to
prevent colds and flu, as well as to boost energy, lifespan, and vigor. It is
commonly used in Russia as a "adaptogen," a chemical that is thought
to assist the body cope with either mental or physical stress.
Siberian ginseng is frequently used to boost
mental alertness, physical performance, and muscle strength. Some research
reported beneficial results, while others found no effect from Siberian
ginseng. According to one study, elderly persons who took Siberian ginseng
after 4 weeks of therapy had improved mental health and social functioning than
those who took a placebo.
Supplements for Siberian ginseng are
manufactured from the root, which includes a variety of components known as
eleutherosides, which are claimed to offer health advantages. Among the other
constituents are polysaccharides, which have been shown in animal studies to
stimulate the immune system and reduce blood sugar levels.
Siberian ginseng comes in a variety of forms,
including liquid extracts, solid extracts, powders, capsules, and tablets, as
well as dried or sliced root for tea. The quality of many herbal supplements,
including Siberian ginseng, can, however, vary substantially. In tests of
commercial items claiming to include Siberian ginseng, up to 25% contained no
of the herb.
When used as advised, Siberian ginseng is
usually regarded as safe. People with high blood pressure, sleep apnea,
narcolepsy, heart disease, mental illness such as mania or schizophrenia,
pregnant or breastfeeding women, and people with autoimmune diseases such as
rheumatoid arthritis or Crohn disease should not take Siberian ginseng.
Finally, Siberian ginseng is a powerful
adaptogen that can help the body cope with stress, strengthen the immune
system, and potentially increase mental and physical performance. However,
before beginning any new supplement regimen, persons with particular health
issues or those taking other prescriptions should contact with a healthcare
specialist.
The four largest producers (South Korea, China,
Canada, and the United States) produce around 79,769 tons of fresh ginseng,
accounting for more than 99% of total global ginseng production of 80,080 tons.
China is the greatest ginseng grower, with 44,749 tons produced, followed by
South Korea with 27,480 tons, Canada with 6,486 tons, and the United States
with 1,054 tons. The global ginseng market was valued at USD 679.90 million in
2022 and is expected to reach USD 1019.13 million by 2031, increasing at a CAGR
of 4.6%. The Korean ginseng market is worth $1,140 million, making Korea the
world's top distributor. Ginseng is often taken orally in the form of
commercially accessible pills or tea. The recommended amount of ginseng in dry
ginseng root for short-term administration is 0.5 to 2 grams and 1 gram for
long-term dosing, which is comparable to 200 to 600 mg of extract. After taking
ginseng orally, it takes about four hours to reach peak plasma concentration.
Pharmacokinetic investigations in rabbits revealed that certain ginsenosides
have elimination half-lives ranging from 0.8 to 7.4 hours while longer-acting
ginsenosides have elimination half-lives ranging from nineteen to twenty-one
hours.
2) Botanical
Description of Ginseng Plant
Ginseng, scientifically known as Panax, is a
genus of 12 medicinal herbs of the Araliaceae family. Asian ginseng (Panax
ginseng), endemic to Manchuria and Korea, and American ginseng (Panax
quinquefolius), native from Quebec and Manitoba down to the Gulf of Mexico
coasts, are the most well-known species.
Ginseng is a perennial herb, which means it can
exist for more than two years. It possesses a one-of-a-kind inflorescence, a
solitary umbel, a flat-topped cluster of flowers. The flowers are bisexual as
well as male. The ginseng plant's fruit is a drupe, which is a type of fruit
with a single seed contained in a hard outer shell.
The ginseng plant's leaves are palmately
compound, with 3-5 leaflets. Depending on the species, the margins of these
leaflets may be whole, toothed, or lobed. In most cases, the plant dies back in
the fall and reemerges from the root system in the spring.
a) Physical
Description of Ginseng Plant
The ginseng plant's physical
appearance differs according on the species. For example, the American ginseng
plant grows 6 to 18 inches tall and has three leaves with three to five
leaflets that are 2 to 5 inches long.
American ginseng's aromatic root
looks like a tiny parsnip that forks as it matures. The plant is mostly found
in deciduous forests of the Appalachian and Ozark areas of the United States,
where it thrives in full shade beneath hardwoods.
It takes 5-7 years for cultivated
ginseng plants to grow from seed. The whole root is the most commercially
valuable, and all parts--leaves, fruit, and root--contain diverse ginsenosides,
the chemical compounds thought to be largely responsible for ginseng's
therapeutic effects.
b) Root System and Structure of Ginseng Plant
Ginseng plants have robust
taproots that serve as the primary roots from which other roots grow laterally.
The ginseng plant's root system is critical to its survival since the plant
dies back in the fall and reemerges from the root system in the spring.
The ginseng plant's root is
widely valued for its therapeutic benefits. Asian ginseng root has long been
used as a medication and is used to make a stimulating tea in China, Korea, and
Japan. Likewise, American ginseng is employed in traditional medicine.
The ginseng plant's root is
likewise distinctive in appearance. For example, the root of American ginseng
looks like a tiny parsnip that forks as it matures. The root, together with the
leaves and fruit, contains ginsenosides, which are thought to be responsible
for ginseng's medicinal effects.
The ginseng plant's root system
is also vital for propagation. Ginseng reproduction is primarily limited to
seed generation, which begins once plants reach the two-prong stage. It is
possible to propagate the species through rhizome (i.e., neck) and root
division, however this is not practicable for various reasons. Because the
impact of such handling on the root will influence the ultimate appearance, the
end product is frequently less valuable. Furthermore, such procedures are
frequently less dependable than seed propagation.
Finally, the ginseng plant, with
its distinct botanical characteristics and valuable root structure, is an
enthralling species with a long history of therapeutic usage. Its distinctive
physical traits and intricate root structure make it a plant of great interest
in both botanical and therapeutic sectors.
3) Chemical Composition of Ginseng
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Ginseng is a perennial herb in
the Araliaceae family that is frequently used in herbal therapy. It is said to
have numerous medicinal and pharmacological applications. Ginseng's main
pharmacologically active constituents are ginsenosides, which are responsible
for the majority of ginseng's effects such as vasorelaxation, antioxidation,
anti-inflammation, and anti-cancer.
Ginsenosides are triterpene
saponins that are mostly made up of a dammarane skeleton (17 carbons in a
four-ring structure) with various sugar moieties connected to the C-3 and C-20
locations (e.g., glucose, rhamnose, xylose, and arabinose). Ginseng root contains
2-3% ginsenosides, the most important of which are Rg1, Rc, Rd, Re, Rb1, Rb2,
and Rb0.
Ginsenosides, commonly known as
ginseng saponins, are ginseng's main pharmacologically active components. They
are triterpene saponins, which are made up of a dammarane skeleton (17 carbons
in a four-ring structure) with sugar moieties linked to the C-3 and C-20
locations (e.g., glucose, rhamnose, xylose, and arabinose). There are
approximately 40 ginsenoside compounds known, and they are divided into two
groups based on their chemical structures: protopanaxadiols (PD) and
protopanaxatriols (PT).
Ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd,
Rg3, Rh2, and Rh3 are examples of protopanaxadiols (PD). The sugar moieties of
these compounds bind to the 3-position of the dammarane-type triterpine.
Protopanaxatriols (PT) are ginsenosides Re, Rf, Rg1, Rg2, and Rh1, in which the
sugar moieties bind to the 6-position of a dammarane-type triterpine.
Ginsenosides have a variety of
pharmacological actions, including the modulation of blood pressure,
metabolism, and immunological activities. They have been demonstrated to
interact with steroidal receptors, which could explain why they have such a
wide range of positive effects. Some ginsenosides exhibit antioxidant
characteristics as well as antiproliferative actions on cancer cells. However,
the limited bioavailability of ginsenosides is a fundamental issue that must be
solved before they may be used in therapeutic settings.
b) Specific Ginsenosides and Their
Quantities in Different Ginseng Types
Ginsenosides are the principal
active components of ginseng, a plant that has been utilized in traditional
medicine for a variety of health advantages. The primary ginsenosides isolated
from ginseng (including Rb1, Rc, Rd, Re, and Rg1) typically account for more
than 70% of total ginsenoside composition.
The concentration of certain
ginsenosides in ginseng varies greatly based on a number of factors, including
the age of the plant, the region where it is grown, and the variety of ginseng.
Ginsenosides Re, Rc, Rg1, Rg3, and Rf, for example, rise in content with plant
age, but ginsenoside Rb1 peaks in the third year of growth.
Regional variances in ginsenoside
content are also substantial. Ginseng from Jilin Province in China, for
example, has been found to possess more total ginsenosides and to be richer in
ginsenoside Re than ginseng from Heilongjiang and Liaoning provinces, where Rb1
and Rg1 levels were comparatively high.
The ginsenoside content is also
affected by the type of ginseng. American ginseng (Panax quinquefolium), for
example, has been discovered to have a higher amount of ginsenosides than Asian
ginseng (Panax ginseng). A research of American ginseng grown in Heilongjiang
discovered that the hairy roots had the highest overall concentration of the 22
studied ginsenosides, followed by rhizomes, main roots, leaves, and stems.
These changes in ginsenoside
composition can have an impact on the ginseng's medicinal and pharmacological
effects. Ginsenoside Rg1, for example, may be effective as a novel
anti-inflammatory agent, whilst ginsenoside Re may be useful in the treatment
of type 2 diabetes. As a result, when selecting ginseng products, these
criteria must be taken into account.
Finally, the chemical makeup of
ginseng varies based on the age of the plant, the place of cultivation, and the
exact type of ginseng. Because of this heterogeneity, the medicinal and
physiological effects of ginseng must be considered while selecting ginseng
products.
4) Cultivation and Processing of Ginseng
a) Growth Cycle and Maturity of Ginseng
Ginseng is a perennial herb in
the Araliaceae family that belongs to the genus Panax. The plant has a distinct
growth cycle that takes several years to complete. It takes 5-7 years for
cultivated ginseng plants to grow from seed. The plant dies back in the fall
and reemerges in the spring from the root system. Ginseng plants often become
reproductive when the root reaches a particular size, which could be as early
as two or three years into the development cycle or, in a forest setting,
closer to eight to ten years.
b) Preparation Methods and Processing for
Different Ginseng Types
Ginseng comes in several
varieties, including Asian ginseng, American ginseng, and Siberian ginseng,
each with its own set of preparation and processing processes.
White ginseng (WG) and
traditional red ginseng (TRG) are made from Asian ginseng. White ginseng is
made by simply air-drying the peeled roots and rhizomes, but red ginseng is
made by heating the roots at roughly 100 °C before drying.
To minimize spoiling, American
ginseng is normally processed within one week of harvesting or stored at low
temperatures. Red ginseng is the major processed product of American ginseng,
which is made by repeating the heat treatment and drying process of ginseng
numerous times.
Despite its name, Siberian
ginseng is not a real ginseng because it lacks ginsenosides. It is instead high
in eleutherosides, the key ingredient that gives this herb its adaptogenic
properties. Long-term use of Siberian ginseng can assist enhance energy and the
body's tolerance to stress.
5) Medical and Therapeutic Uses of Ginseng
Ginseng, specifically Panax
ginseng root, has been used in traditional medicine for over 2000 years, mainly
in East Asian countries such as China, Korea, and Japan. It's been used to cure
a range of ailments, including diabetes, and as a tonic for long-term use.
Ginsenosides, a series of saponins with a dammarane triterpenoid structure, are
the primary bioactive components of ginseng. Almost 50 ginsenosides have been
identified from the ginseng root, and these are thought to contribute to
ginseng's diverse pharmacological properties.
a) Overview of Ginseng's Use in Herbal Medicine
Ginseng has been used for
millennia in traditional Chinese medicine to help enhance the immune system and
overall well-being. Ginseng may have specific health benefits, including
reducing inflammation, improving brain function, lowering the severity of erectile
dysfunction, boosting the immune system, protecting against certain cancers,
increasing energy, and lowering blood sugar and blood pressure, according to
recent research.
b) Specific Health Benefits and Medical Applications of Ginseng
Ginseng has been demonstrated to
offer anti-inflammatory qualities, enhanced cognitive functions, sexual health
benefits, immune system enhancement, cancer prevention, and higher energy
levels.
Ginseng possesses anti-inflammatory and
antioxidant characteristics that can help lower inflammatory indicators and
protect against oxidative stress.
Ginseng has been shown to enhance memory, conduct, and mood. Some
studies have found that taking ginseng on a regular basis for at least five
years is connected with enhanced cognitive function later in life. Ginseng may
aid in the treatment of erectile dysfunction. Ginseng may enhance blood flow
and muscle relaxation in the penis, thereby alleviating erectile dysfunction,
according to some studies. Ginseng has
been found to improve immunological function and may raise immune cell numbers.
It also possesses anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, and anti-viral properties. Ginsenosides found in ginseng may aid in the
prevention of malignant cell growth. According to one study, including ginseng
in your diet can reduce your risk of developing certain malignancies by up to
16%. Ginseng may assist boost energy, particularly in people suffering from
chronic sickness tiredness. A tiny trial found that ingesting high doses of
American ginseng reduced cancer-related fatigue significantly. It is crucial to
note that the effects of ginseng might vary based on the active ingredient type
and concentration, as well as the individual's sensitivity to the herb. More
research is needed to completely comprehend ginseng's potential benefits and
processes in various health issues.
c) Unsubstantiated Claims and Areas for
Further Research of Ginseng
Ginseng has been linked to a
variety of health advantages, although not all of them have been proven
clinically. Some studies imply possible benefits, while others produce
inconclusive results or indicate that more research is required.
Ginseng has been examined for its
ability to aid in the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED). Some research
suggest that it may be useful, but others have yielded conflicting results. A
meta-analysis discovered that ginseng had no effect on erectile dysfunction
when compared to placebo, and further high-quality trials are needed to
validate its efficacy.
Ginseng may help enhance the
immune system and prevent cancer, according to some research. According to one
study, Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) improves the immune system by increasing T
cells, B cells, and natural killer cells. More research, however, is required
to fully grasp ginseng's potential in these areas. A meta-analysis found that
ginseng use may reduce the incidence of cancer, but the overall number of
studies and sample sizes were small.
A meta-analysis found
insufficient clinical evidence to support the use of ginseng supplements for
fatigue reduction and physical performance enhancement. Although some studies
have found that energy levels and weariness levels have improved, more research
is needed to corroborate these findings.
To summarize, while ginseng has
been linked to a variety of health advantages, further research is needed to
determine its efficacy in treating erectile dysfunction, boosting the immune
system, preventing cancer, and improving physical performance and weariness.
More high-quality research are needed to confirm the potential advantages of
ginseng and understand its mechanisms of action.
6) Dosage and Administration of Ginseng
a) Recommended Dosage and Frequency for Ginseng
The recommended dosage and
frequency of ginseng consumption can vary based on the type of ginseng and the
intended application. Panax ginseng is commonly taken in doses ranging from 200
to 400 mg daily for general preventative medicine. Doses as low as 40 mg have
been reported to be bioactive in several investigations. A dose of 400 mg tends
to produce the most substantial gains in cognitive advantages.
A daily dose of 2 grams of Korean
Red Ginseng for 24 weeks has been found to be safe and well-tolerated in
healthy adults. However, because individual needs and health circumstances
differ, it is critical to contact with a healthcare expert before beginning any
ginseng supplementation.
Ginseng, an antioxidant-rich
herb, has been used in traditional medicine for ages and is available in a
variety of forms including tea, dried herbs, powder, and capsules. Each form
has a varying level of bioavailability and potency, and the form chosen is
based on personal tastes and demands.
To make ginseng tea, steep the
fresh or dried root in boiling water. This type of ginseng is simple to consume
and may be incorporated into your everyday routine. The tea is thought to have
the herb's advantages, including as enhancing immune function, lowering
inflammation, and improving brain functions such as memory and mood.
The dried root of ginseng can be
eaten raw or cooked with. It is frequently briefly cooked before consuming to
soften it. Tea can be made by stewing the dried root in water. Ginseng in its
dried form is versatile and can be utilized in a variety of culinary recipes.
Another popular form of this herb
is ginseng powder. It can be consumed as a supplement or added to food. The
powder form makes it simple to incorporate ginseng into a variety of recipes
and drinks, making it a practical way to ingest ginseng.
Ginseng capsules are an easy way
to get a consistent dose of ginseng extract. They are convenient to ingest and
transport, making them a popular option for people looking to add ginseng into
their daily supplement regimen. The capsules typically contain a standardized
extract with 2-3% total ginsenosides, ginseng's active components.
It's vital to remember that
ginseng's bioavailability and strength can vary based on the form and type of
ginseng used. For example, the concentration of active components and effects
on the body of American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) and Asian ginseng (Panax
ginseng) differ. Furthermore, the way ginseng is processed (fresh, white, or
red) might have an impact on its qualities.
7) Side Effects and Interactions of Ginseng
a) Potential Side Effects and Toxicity of Ginseng
Ginseng, a popular herbal
supplement, is usually regarded as safe when consumed in moderation. However,
some people may develop adverse effects such as anxiousness, sleeplessness,
migraines, blood pressure fluctuations, diarrhea, rapid heartbeat, and stomach
trouble. Other adverse effects that women may suffer include vaginal bleeding
and breast discomfort.
Ginseng has relatively moderate
adverse effects, but long-term use or excessive doses might cause more serious
symptoms such as headaches, dizziness, and stomach discomfort. Women who use
ginseng on a daily basis may have menstrual irregularities. Ginseng misuse
syndrome can emerge if excessive doses are used over a lengthy period of time.
Heart palpitations, heaviness in the chest, elevated blood pressure, dizziness,
sleepiness, red skin rash (particularly on the face), bewilderment, and
depression are all symptoms of this syndrome.
Certain drugs may also interact
with ginseng. It can, for example, impact blood sugar levels, which is
especially relevant for people who take diabetes drugs. It may potentially
interact with warfarin and several antidepressant medications. Caffeine may enhance
the stimulating effects of ginseng. Furthermore, American ginseng may interfere
with blood sugar regulation during and after surgery, and it has been shown to
reduce the effects of warfarin, which may raise the risk of clotting.
Ginseng is not suggested for
minors or pregnant or breastfeeding women due to a lack of safety data.
Individuals with autoimmune illnesses should use it with caution, as it can
boost immune system activity. Furthermore, it can increase the risk of bleeding,
therefore anyone about to have surgery should consult with their surgeon before
using it.
It's crucial to remember that the
quality and active components in ginseng supplements might vary greatly between
manufacturers, making it difficult to determine a normal dose. As a result, it
is always best to get ginseng from a reputable source.
Because of the possibility of
side effects and interactions, it is critical to contact with a healthcare
provider before beginning any ginseng supplementation, as individual needs and
health situations may differ. If any symptoms appear while taking ginseng, stop
using it and seek medical treatment.
b) Interactions of Ginseng with Other
Medications and Health Conditions
Ginseng may reduce the efficacy
of certain drugs and raise the risk of bleeding. Ginsenosides, the main
compounds in ginseng, caused dose- and time-dependent antagonism against
warfarin's anticoagulation in rats, according to one study. Ginsenosides and warfarin
interaction was also found to be dosage and time dependant. According to the
study, ginseng may lower warfarin blood concentrations, lowering its
anti-coagulant efficacy. Another study discovered that taking ginseng on a
regular basis dramatically lowered blood levels and the anti-clotting effects
of warfarin in healthy participants.
Ginseng may have an effect on blood sugar
levels, potentially interfering with diabetic treatments. Metformin and ginseng
may have additive effects on your blood sugar, prompting more frequent blood
sugar testing. Ginseng has been shown to influence insulin production/secretion
and glucose metabolism, which may account for its anti-diabetic properties.
Ginseng may enhance the effects
of certain drugs, causing symptoms such as anxiety, headache, restlessness, and
insomnia.
Ginseng may boost immune system activity,
potentially interfering with the effects of immunosuppressive medicines. While
there has been no documented interaction between ginseng and calcineurin
inhibitors (CNIs), a type of immunosuppressant, the research suggests that
there is a chance. Ginseng has been shown to increase the production of
immunosuppressive Tregs (T regulatory cells), implying a possible interaction
with immunosuppressants. However, the evidence suggests that ginseng can be
used in kidney transplant recipients who are taking CNIs, but patients should
be closely watched for any adverse events.
8) Current Research and Future Directions of Ginseng
Because of its potential
therapeutic effects on a variety of ailments, ginseng, particularly Panax
ginseng, has been the focus of several clinical trials and investigations.
Ginseng active components, such as ginsenosides, have been discovered to treat
cardiovascular and metabolic illnesses. However, the methodological quality of
these investigations has to be significantly improved, and high-quality
randomized controlled trials are required to establish the clinical efficacy of
ginseng.
Panax ginseng's systems-level
mechanisms have also been investigated utilizing a network pharmacological
approach. This technique seeks to understand how ginseng's different active
components interact with multiple targets at the same time, giving multidimensional
effects on a variety of illnesses and disorders.
a) Recent Studies on Ginseng's Health
Benefits and Mechanisms
Recent research suggests that
ginseng use offers therapeutic benefits for a variety of disorders. Physical
strength, respiratory sickness, sexual dysfunction, and female menopausal
symptoms have all been linked to it. It also improves glucolipid metabolism,
inflammatory indicators, blood pressure, body weight, and unstable angina.
Ginseng's health advantages are
linked to its chemically active components, which have anti-diabetic,
anti-inflammation, antioxidative stress, decreasing cholesterol levels,
anticancer, and cardioprotective properties.
b) Future Research Directions and Potential
Therapeutic Applications of Ginseng
Future ginseng research is likely
to focus on enhancing study methodological quality and establishing ginseng's
therapeutic efficacy through high-quality randomized controlled trials.
Additional research on American ginseng may also provide a better understanding
of the genetic and molecular foundation for its putative health-promoting
properties.
To avoid losses caused by these
illnesses, research into ginseng pathogens and their control should be a
continuous emphasis. Non-chemical techniques have not yet been adequately
investigated to warrant widespread adoption by growers. This could eventually
lead to a reduction in the use of fungicides.
Furthermore, there may be chances
to build on present American ginseng products in the future by studying niche
options that may include American'red' ginseng or organically-grown ginseng.
Finally, the pharmacological
properties of the American ginseng root components (saponins and other
substances) should be aggressively investigated and clinically compared to
Asian ginseng.
9) Real Life Stories and Testimonials of
use of Ginseng
An anonymous WebMD user claimed
that after taking Panax Ginseng for about a week, they felt less weariness
throughout the day and had more endurance throughout their workout regimen.
Former Cornell Cooperative Extension agent Robert L. Beyfuss utilized Ginseng
to reduce weight, enhance his mind, and get through the sorrow of divorce. He
also made a profession out of Ginseng, doing research and agricultural projects
with the plant. Missl, a Drugs.com user, stated that she was perimenopausal and
was taking Siberian Ginseng three times a day. She had been suffering from
brain fog and a lack of vitality, but after taking Ginseng, she felt restored
to her former self. She also took calcium supplements and evening primrose oil.
Another anonymous user on Drugs.com stated that Ginseng was the best thing they
had found for PTSD. They claimed that when they take Ginseng, they detach far
less and are less prone to have intrusive or suicidal thoughts. They also
stated that Ginseng offers them energy and helps them drink less coffee. A
WebMD user reported that they had been using antidepressants (Sertraline) for
several months and were experiencing sexual dysfunction as a side effect. They
began taking Korean Ginseng supplements and found they were just as effective
as Sertraline in keeping their minds fresh. They also reported improved sexual
function.
10) Conclusion
Finally, Ginseng, a herb with a
long history in traditional Chinese medicine, has been widely researched for
its possible health advantages. Its active ingredients have been connected to a
number of beneficial benefits on human health, including anti-aging qualities,
modulation of several organ systems, and anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory
properties.
Ginseng is known as the
"King of Herbs" due to its energizing and immune-modulating effects.
It is said to boost energy and stamina, fight exhaustion, boost the immune
system, improve cognition, reset sleep patterns, and boost libido. Ginseng may
improve psychologic function, exercise performance, immune function, and
diabetes-related disorders, according to research. Furthermore, it looks to be
relatively safe, with no significant side effects documented.
However, while the study is
encouraging, the overall quality of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on
Ginseng is poor, and more high-quality studies are required to completely
understand its effects and mechanisms of action.
Meanwhile, Ginseng remains a
popular supplement used for a variety of purposes around the world. It
demonstrates the persistent faith in the efficacy of natural cures, as well as
the ongoing pursuit of better health and well-being. Remember to always contact
with a healthcare physician before beginning any new supplement regimen.
FAQ’s
Ginseng is a species of plant
that grows a thick, fleshy root resembling the shape of a human figure, hence
its nickname, the “man root". It is known for its health benefits and is
frequently used in herbal medicine to treat illness and improve overall health
2) What are the different types of Ginseng?
Ginseng refers to two different
plants which are found in the Panax genus. These species are American ginseng
(L. Panax quinquefolius) and Korean or Asian ginseng (L. Panax ginseng)
Due to the large amount of
nutrients found in the ginseng root, consuming it on a regular basis can
greatly improve health. It contains a variety of trace minerals and vitamins.
Most importantly, the plant produces unique gintonin and ginsenoside compounds
which are responsible for the majority of the plant’s health benefits
4) What is American Ginseng used for?
American ginseng is used to treat
a variety of conditions, improve stress response and improve mental performance
while promoting overall health and wellbeing
5) Does the age of a Ginseng root matter?
The older a plant gets, the more
potent the root becomes. However, it is important to note that ginseng is often
mislabeled as being older than it actually is
6) Does the size of a Ginseng root matter?
It is a common misconception that
larger ginseng roots are more potent than smaller roots. In reality, all roots
that are the same age and from the same location have the same strength,
regardless of size or thickness
7) What is the difference between wild,
cultivated and woodsgrown Ginseng?
American ginseng falls into one
of three categories based on how it is grown. These categories are wild,
wild-simulated (which is also called woodsgrown), or cultivated
8) What is the conservation status of Wild
Ginseng?
Wild ginseng is uncommon and
therefore listed as a state threatened species in some areas
9) Is it legal to harvest Wild Ginseng?
It is illegal (unless the ginseng
is on your property) to harvest, transport or export listed species in or out
of certain areas
10) Is a permit needed to grow cultivated
American Ginseng?
No, a permit is not required from
the New Hampshire Department of Agriculture, Markets & Food to grow
American ginseng
11) Can I ship cultivated American Ginseng
to other states and/or to other countries?
In accordance with RSA 217-A:9
Prohibited Acts, it is a violation for any person (other than the owner of
private property) to export, import, transport, take, possess, sell, or ship
any protected species
12) What does Ginseng look like?
Ginseng is an unbranched
perennial, 8 – 24 inches tall, bearing a single long stemmed flower cluster.
Flowers are greenish-white. Berries are bright red
Ginseng enjoys great demand for
export and for domestic consumption
14) Where can Ginseng be grown?
American ginseng is native to the
entire state of Michigan. There are cultivated ginseng growers in the Upper
Peninsula and in the northern and southern Lower Peninsula. It should grow on a
proper site anywhere in the state
15) What type of site does Ginseng need?
Ginseng grows best in rich woods
with about 80% or 85% “tall” shade, on a northern or northeastern exposure, and
on a slope of 3% or greater. It will not tolerate wet soils, but it does need
regular moisture
16) Can Ginseng be collected from the wild
in Michigan?
No. As a threatened species,
collection (the harvesting of) of wild ginseng is not allowed as determined by
the Wildlife Management Division of the Michigan Department of Natural
Resources
Cultivated Michigan ginseng can
be certified for export by the Michigan Department of Agriculture. Export is
illegal without the benefit of certification
18) Where is Ginseng marketed?
About 95% of the U.S. ginseng is
brokered through Marathon County, Wisconsin. Much of it, when legally
certified, goes to the Far East
19) What are the health benefits of
Ginseng?
Ginseng has traditionally been
used for a number of medical conditions. These include: building immunity,
regulating blood sugar, improving focus, improving mood and boosting endurance.
It has also been studied as a way to treat cancer, heart disease, fatigue,
erectile dysfunction, hepatitis C, high blood pressure, and menopausal symptoms
20) What are the risks of using Ginseng?
Ginseng side effects are
generally mild. It has been reported to cause nervousness and insomnia.
Long-term use or high doses of ginseng may lead to headaches, dizziness,
stomach upset, and other symptoms. Women who use ginseng regularly may
experience menstrual changes. There have also been reports of allergic
reactions to ginseng
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